About this mod
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- Other user's assetsAll the assets in this file belong to the author, or are from free-to-use modder's resources
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File credits
Thanks for help and contributions (in random order), team members past and current:
Akmar Nibelung
Amundr
Aule_the_Creator
Brador
Cèsar de Quart
Cebullus
Derra
Count Roland
CounterPoint391
CrazyIvan
Dorenno
Ermus
HolyOne
IK00NI
Jean Plassy
kuauik
kurunt
Latinikon
LDKSoldier
Life_Erikson
nickdean10
NikeBG
ntb_15
Papa Lazarou
pirateblade
PeterSVK
Rath0s
RoyalQuiche
Rule zum Rabensang
Sahran
Schimdt975
Sidus Preclarum
Skandinav
Stinus
Tei
Urlik
Waffenbaum
Yamabusi
warmonger1
W*r_bastard
Ritter-Floh
UghUghUgh
aflyhorse
blood&steel
Grimsbo
Dr_stein85
miliman
quapitty
Hunterwolf
MihailoSRB
Astolphus
JuJu70
(to be updated)
A very special thanks to. We used your resources extensively:
Sahran
Dejawolf
Narf
Al_Mansur
Other included works (in no particular order)
GutekFiutek - polished landscapes and Polished Skyboxes
Faradon - helms and weapons
DejaWolf - helms, axes, spears
Talak - weapons and helms
Checkmaty - more metal sounds sound pack
Adorno - ambient soundtrack, castles
Ron Losy - realistic combat model
the OSP project - helms and weapons
Rubik - script ideas
Spanky, original author of 1257 AD
Diplomacy mod
Janus - installer script
Motomataru - AI scripts and formations
Akmar Nibelung - French translation
rejenorst - for sound effects and music.
Iboltax - face models and textures for them.
Freelancers mod team - Freelancer mod!
Sonyer for horses
iggorbb for weapons and helmets
F.F.C.fritz for his awesome drawings and support!
Donation Points system
Credits and distribution permission
- Other user's assetsSome assets in this file belong to other authors. You will need to seek permission from these authors before you can use their assets
- Upload permissionYou are not allowed to upload this file to other sites under any circumstances
- Modification permissionYou must get permission from me before you are allowed to modify my files to improve it
- Conversion permissionYou are not allowed to convert this file to work on other games under any circumstances
- Asset use permissionYou are not allowed to use assets from this file under any circumstances
- Asset use permission in mods/files that are being soldYou are not allowed to use assets from this file in any mods/files that are being sold, for money, on Steam Workshop or other platforms
- Asset use permission in mods/files that earn donation pointsYou are not allowed to earn Donation Points for your mods if they use my assets
Author notes
File credits
Donation Points system
Premium membership donations accepted
- 1History
- 8References
History[edit]
- In modern times, incarnation is synonymous with the conception, but some ancient writers, such as Bede, considered incarnation to be synonymous with the Nativity.
- The civil or consular year began on 1 January but the Diocletian year began on 29 August (30 August in the year before a Julian leap year).
- There were inaccuracies in the lists of consuls.
- There were confused summations of emperors' regnal years.
Popularization[edit]
New year[edit]
- From 25 March 753 AUC (today in 1 BC), i.e., notionally from the incarnation of Jesus. That first 'Annunciation style' appeared in Arles at the end of the 9th century, then spread to Burgundy and northern Italy. It was not commonly used and was called calculus pisanus since it was adopted in Pisa and survived there till 1750.
- From 25 December 753 AUC (today in 1 BC), i.e., notionally from the birth of Jesus. It was called 'Nativity style' and had been spread by Bede together with the Anno Domini in the early Middle Ages. That reckoning of the Year of Grace from Christmas was used in France, England and most of western Europe (except Spain) until the 12th century (when it was replaced by Annunciation style), and in Germany until the second quarter of the 13th century.
- From 25 March 754 AUC (today in AD 1). That second 'Annunciation style' may have originated in Fleury Abbey in the early 11th century, but it was spread by the Cistercians. Florence adopted that style in opposition to that of Pisa, so it got the name of calculus florentinus. It soon spread in France and also in England where it became common in the late 12th century and lasted until 1752.
- From Easter, starting in 754 AUC (AD 1). That mos gallicanus (French custom) bound to a moveable feast was introduced in France by king Philip Augustus (r. 1180–1223), maybe to establish a new style in the provinces reconquered from England. However, it never spread beyond the ruling élite.
Birth date of Jesus[edit]
Other eras[edit]
CE and BCE[edit]
No year zero: start and end of a century[edit]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^The word 'anno' is often capitalized, but this is considered incorrect by many authorities and either not mentioned in major dictionaries or only listed as an alternative.
- ^The word 'before' is often capitalized, but this is considered incorrect by many authorities and either not mentioned in major dictionaries or only listed as an alternative.
- ^This convention comes from grammatical usage. Anno 500 means 'in the year 500'; anno domini 500 means 'in the year 500 of Our Lord'. Just as '500 in the year' is not good English syntax, neither is 500 AD; whereas 'AD 500' preserves syntactic order when translated.[12]
- ^Werner Rolevinck in Fasciculus temporum (1474) used Anno an xpi nativitatem (in the ..(th) year before the birth of Christ) for all years between creation and Jesus. 'xpi' is the Greek χρι in Latin letters, which is an abbreviation for Christi. This phrase appears upside down in the centre of recto folios (right hand pages). From Jesus to Pope Sixtus IV he usually used Anno Christi or its abbreviated form Anno xpi (on verso folios—left hand pages). He used Anno mundi alongside all of these terms for all years.
- ^To convert from a year BC to astronomical year numbering, reduce the absolute value of the year by 1, and prefix it with a negative sign (unless the result is zero). For years AD, omit the AD and prefix the number with a plus sign (plus sign is optional if it is clear from the context that the year is after the year 0).[48]
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^'anno Domini'. Collins English Dictionary.
- ^'anno Domini'. American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- ^'BC'. Collins English Dictionary.
- ^'before Christ'. American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- ^'BC'. Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^'Anno Domini'. Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of the Lord
- ^'Online Etymology Dictionary'. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003, p. 782 'since AD stands for anno Domini, 'in the year of (Our) Lord'
- ^ abTeresi, Dick (July 1997). 'Zero'. The Atlantic.
- ^ abBlackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003, pp. 778–9.
- ^Eastman, Allan. 'A Month of Sundays'. Date and Time. Archived from the original on 6 May 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^Chicago Manual of Style 2010, pp. 476–7; Goldstein 2007, p. 6.
- ^Chicago Manual of Style, 1993, p. 304.
- ^Donald P. Ryan, (2000), 15.
- ^Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003, p. 767.
- ^Nineteen year cycle of Dionysius Introduction and First Argumentum.
- ^Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003, p. 778.
- ^Teres, Gustav (October 1984). 'Time computations and Dionysius Exiguus'. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 15 (3). pp. 177–188.
- ^Tøndering, Claus, The Calendar FAQ: Counting years
- ^Mosshammer, Alden A (2009). The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era. Oxford. pp. 345–347.
- ^Declercq, Georges, 'Anno Domini. The Origins of the Christian Era' Turnhout, Belgium, 2000
- ^Wallraff, Martin: Julius Africanus und die Christliche Weltchronik. Walter de Gruyter, 2006
- ^Mosshammer, Alden A.: The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 254, p. 270, p. 328
- ^Declercq, Georges: Anno Domini. The Origins of the Christian Era. Turnhout Belgium. 2000
- ^Bede 731, Book 1, Chapter 2, first sentence.
- ^Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003, p. 881.
- ^ abPatrick, 1908
- ^'General Chronology'. New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol III. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1908. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^Steel, Duncan (2000). Marking time: the epic quest to invent the perfect calendar. p. 114. ISBN978-0-471-29827-4. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^Hunt, Lynn Avery (2008). Measuring time, making history. p. 33. ISBN978-963-9776-14-2. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^Petau, Denis (1758). search for 'ante Christum' in a 1748 reprint of a 1633 abridgement entitled Rationarium temporum by Denis Petau. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^C. R. Cheney, A Handbook of Dates, for students of British history, Cambridge University Press, 1945–2000, pp. 8–14.
- ^Dunn, James DG (2003). 'Jesus Remembered'. Eerdmans Publishing: 324.
- ^Doggett 1992, p579: 'Although scholars generally believe that Christ was born some years before AD 1, the historical evidence is too sketchy to allow a definitive dating'.
- ^Paul L. Maier 'The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus' in Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies by Jerry Vardaman, Edwin M. Yamauchi 1989 ISBN0-931464-50-1 pp. 113–129
- ^New Testament History by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 ISBN0-310-31201-9 pp. 121–124
- ^Roger S. Bagnall and Klaas A. Worp, Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt, Leiden, Brill, 2004.
- ^Alfred von Gutschmid, Kleine Schriften, F. Ruehl, Leipzig, 1889, p. 433.
- ^Johannes Kepler (1615). Joannis Keppleri Eclogae chronicae: ex epistolis doctissimorum aliquot virorum & suis mutuis, quibus examinantur tempora nobilissima: 1. Herodis Herodiadumque, 2. baptismi & ministerii Christi annorum non plus 2 1/4, 3. passionis, mortis et resurrectionis Dn. N. Iesu Christi, anno aerae nostrae vulgaris 31. non, ut vulgo 33., 4. belli Iudaici, quo funerata fuit cum Ierosolymis & Templo Synagoga Iudaica, sublatumque Vetus Testamentum. Inter alia & commentarius in locum Epiphanii obscurissimum de cyclo veteri Iudaeorum (in Latin). Francofurti : Tampach. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
anno aerae nostrae vulgaris
- ^Kepler, Johann; Vlacq, Adriaan (1635). Ephemerides of the Celestiall Motions, for the Yeers of the Vulgar Era 1633.. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^Sliter, Robert (1652). A celestiall glasse, or, Ephemeris for the year of the Christian era 1652 being the bissextile or leap-year: contayning the lunations, planetary motions, configurations & ecclipses for this present year .. : with many other things very delightfull and necessary for most sorts of men: calculated exactly and composed for .. Rochester. London: Printed for the Company of Stationers.
- ^The History of the Works of the Learned. 10. London: Printed for H. Rhodes. January 1708. p. 513. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^BBC Team (8 February 2005). 'History of Judaism 63BCE–1086CE'. BBC Religion & Ethics. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Year 1: CE – What is nowadays called the 'Current Era' traditionally begins with the birth of a Jewish teacher called Jesus. His followers came to believe he was the promised Messiah and later split away from Judaism to found Christianity
- ^Raphall, Morris Jacob (1856). Post-Biblical History of The Jews. Moss & Brother. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.The term common era does not appear in this book; the term Christian era [lowercase] does appear a number of times. Nowhere in the book is the abbreviation explained or expanded directly.
- ^Robinson, B.A. (20 April 2009). 'Justification of the use of 'CE' & 'BCE' to identify dates. Trends'. ReligiousTolerance.org.
- ^Safire, William (17 August 1997). 'On Language: B.C./A.D. or B.C.E./C.E.?'. The New York Times Magazine.
- ^Cunningham, Philip A., ed. (2004). Pondering the Passion : what's at stake for Christians and Jews?. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 193. ISBN978-0742532182.
- ^Doggett, 1992, p. 579
Sources[edit]
Anno Domini Pronunciation
- Abate, Frank R., ed. (1997). Oxford Pocket Dictionary and Thesaurus. American. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-513097-9.
- Goldstein, Norm, ed. (2007). Associated Press Style Book. New York: Basic Books. ISBN0-465-00489-X.
- Bede. (731). Historiam ecclesiasticam gentis Anglorum. Accessed 2007-12-07.
- Chicago Manual of Style (2nd ed.). University of Chicago. 1993. ISBN0-226-10389-7.
- Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.). University of Chicago. 2010. ISBN0-226-10420-6.
- Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2003). The Oxford companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning. Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-214231-3. Corrected reprinting of original 1999 edition.
- Cunningham, Philip A; Starr, Arthur F (1998). Sharing Shalom: A Process for Local Interfaith Dialogue Between Christians and Jews. Paulist Press. ISBN0-8091-3835-2.
- Declercq, Georges (2000). Anno Domini: The origins of the Christian era. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN2-503-51050-7. (despite beginning with 2, it is English)
- Declercq, G. 'Dionysius Exiguus and the Introduction of the Christian Era'. Sacris Erudiri 41 (2002): 165–246. An annotated version of part of Anno Domini.
- Doggett. (1992). 'Calendars' (Ch. 12), in P. Kenneth Seidelmann (Ed.) Explanatory supplement to the astronomical almanac. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. ISBN0-935702-68-7.
- Patrick, J. (1908). 'General Chronology'. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2008-07-16 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm
- Richards, E. G. (2000). Mapping Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-286205-7.
- Riggs, John (January 2003). 'Whatever happened to B.C. and A.D., and why?'. United Church News. Retrieved 19 December 2005.
- Ryan, Donald P. (2000). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Biblical Mysteries. Alpha Books. p. 15. ISBN0-02-863831-X.
External links[edit]
Look up AD or Anno Domini in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Create a Faction
We have established the basic process of how to create your own faction. In simple terms you simply have to seize a town or city as an independent. The problem is keeping your empire and avoiding a crushing attack from the other factions. Obviously you have to be levelled up, kitted out and in command of a large, well trained army. Making friends will also help because there is a greater chance that other lords will stay neutral when you rebel. Now we’ll have a look at recruiting lords, marrying ladies and increasing your Right to Rule.
Recruiting Lords
You can also improve your chances of victory by recruiting lords to your cause. This will make your faction more powerful but it will also decrease your chances of grabbing land for yourself. If you persuade a lord to defect or you make a companion into a vassal you will need to grant them lands of their own to keep them happy. If you make a companion into a vassal make sure they are levelled up with good armour and weaponry first because you won’t be able to change it afterwards.
You’ll need to talk to them in private if you want to recruit them. Make sure that you have a decent relationship before you broach the subject so as to avoid trouble. You can also question the competency of the current king and suggest you would do a better job. It is a smart idea to survey the scene before making any moves and make sure you approach the disaffected lords.
You can find out the situation by observing messages, talking to lords and ladies and sending your companions to gather intelligence. It is important you recruit lords and promote companions with similar ideas or you’ll end up with a hopeless kingdom.
Marriage
Anno Domini Definition
Another new option in Mount & Blade: Warband is to woo a lady with poetry and marry her. You can do it in secret or you can get her father’s permission (sometimes brother). It takes several visits to worm your way into a bedchamber and it’s not a good idea to rush. You can learn poems in taverns and there seems to be a limit of five in total.
The benefit of marriage is that it gives you the ability to hold feasts and increase your standing. It also brings you closer to the family, provided the marriage was sanctioned. Be warned though, if you elope and marry without the permission of the male relative then you’ll be making an enemy for life.
In order to meet eligible ladies you should win tournaments and then visit the feast and dedicate the tournament win to the lady you fancy. Once you declare an interest you’ll get summons occasionally or you can go to the city where the lady resides and you’ll see Attempt to visit a lady as a new menu option. When the relationship gets advanced enough and you’ve tried out all your poems on her you can pop the question.
Right to Rule
An important new concept in Mount & Blade: Warband is Right to Rule. You can check your Right to Rule rating in your Character Report. When you think you are ready to create your own faction you should start to build up this rating by talking to your companions and telling them you want to be king. You’ll get an option to send them out on missions. Each of your companions will have a different idea about how to improve your chances of becoming king. You’ll only be able to send one or two at a time and they’ll be away from your party for a few days while they complete the mission. Each time they return your Right to Rule will increase by 3.
If your Right to Rule rating is too low and you try to start your own faction you can expect serious opposition from all factions because they’ll regard you as a rebel bandit. To be taken seriously you have to have a good rating in terms of renown, honor and Right to Rule (just over 50 worked for me).
Making Peace
You can’t afford to be at war with everyone so you’ll want to make peace with some factions. If you are on friendly terms and you have a good standing in Calradia then you should be able to get peace. You can also use your companions as diplomats for your cause and send them to visit factions in an attempt to get treaties. You can do this by talking to your minister and asking him to dispatch an emissary. You want to send someone in your party with good persuasion skills to increase your chances of success.